Tony Barley Clients CV Technical Papers Contact

Technical Papers
Soil Nailing

"Soil Nailing Case Histories and Developments". Author : A.D. Barley. Presented at ICE Conference on Retaining Structures at Cambridge in July 1992.

This paper reports on seven Soil Nailing contracts involving stabilisation of existing walls and both new and existing slopes. Current tendon corrosion protection systems and costs are highlighted and development of new non-corrosive tendons is summarised.

  • Soil nailing to stabilise existing retaining walls
    • Denholme Clough, Bradford.
    • Cymsifiog Primary School, Glamorgan.
    • Beaufort Road, Bristol.
    • Ampthill Road, Bedford.
  • Soil nailing to stabilise slopes.
    • Temporary soil nail support in Birmingham.
    • Permanent support, Dolywern, Clwyd.
    • Lakeside, Thurrock.

Return to Index


"Trial Soil Nails for Tunnel support in London Clay and the Detected Influence of Tendon Stiffness and Bond Length on Load Transfer". A D Barley and M Graham, Proceedings of Third International Conference on Ground Improvement Geosystems, London 1997

The use of soil nails was adopted to allay concern about the stability and to reduce the deformation of the 80 square metre faces of the Terminal Four platform tunnels which form part of the Heathrow Express Rail Link Project.

Prior to installation in the tunnel, a series of trials was carried out to select the optimum combination of soil nail tendons (steel or glass-reinforced plastic), borehole diameter, minimum fixed length and a suitable grout for nails with a maximum mobilised load potential of 200kN to provide short term face restraint.

Return to Index | PDF file View complete paper. (2.7MB)


"Controlling Factor". Ground Engineering February 1999.

Tony Barley assesses the influence of the installation process on the performance of soil nails

Industry reservations about soil nailing in the 1980's meant a slow start for the technique in the UK, but it is now an accepted practice for the stabilisation of vertical or steep slopes and is commonly used to improve the stability of existing slopes and walls.

Return to Index


"Slope Stabilisation by Soil Nails and Replacement by Anchored Bored Pile Wall for Area Development". Ground Engineering February 2002.

The inspection of insitu geotechnical components after a decade or more of use is infrequent. Soil nails are still considered to be novel, and development is only just emerging from infancy.

The opportunity to inspect partially exhumed soil nails and report on evidence of only mild forms of corrosion in the upper nails is therefore of value to the industry. The satisfactory performance of the nailed slope enhances confidence in the soil nail solution, although attention should always be paid to the potential corrosion of the tensile member.

The slope replacement by a bored pile wall incorporating very high capacity multiple anchors confirms that safe working capacity of anchors in soil and weak rock has been safely doubled within the last decade.

Return to Index | PDF file View complete paper. (78Kb)


"New Zealand Tourist Town Expands Using Multiple Anchors and Actively Stressed Soil Nails for Slope Retention". Author : A.D. Barley. Edited version in Ground Engineering, August 2004

The inspection of insitu geotechnical components after a decade or more of use is infrequent. Soil nails are still considered to be novel, and development is only just emerging from infancy.

The opportunity to inspect partially exhumed soil nails and report on evidence of only mild forms of corrosion in the upper nails is therefore of value to the industry. The satisfactory performance of the nailed slope enhances confidence in the soil nail solution, although attention should always be paid to the potential corrosion of the tensile member.

The slope replacement by a bored pile wall incorporating very high capacity multiple anchors confirms that safe working capacity of anchors in soil and weak rock has been safely doubled within the last decade.

Return to Index | PDF file View complete paper. (350Kb)


Actively Stressed Soil Nails

"The Actively Stressed Soil Nail System,Complete with Corrosion Protection (Patented)". Author : A.D. Barley.

The Actively Stressed Soil Nail System provides the industry with a slope and face retention method that allows usage of a light weight facing or lightweight face blocks. The face itself can be retained by prestressed tendon fixed in the resistant zone beyond the active zone of soil. The system does not require heavy structural facing as required by prestressed ground anchors. Both the facing and the active soil mass are tied independently to the resistant zone of soil mass and this is particularly beneficial when very long nails are installed and when slopes are very steep.

At last the perfect answer to those who have banded around the term "prestressed soil nail" for face retention has become available to the Geotechnical Industry.

Return to Index | PDF file View complete paper. (178Kb)


"Post Stressed Soil Nailing - A Synopsis". Author : Pirooz Barer, S E, PA&B Inc..

Post tension soil nailing is appropriate for deep excavation (45'+) where premiums for two stage grouting and post-tensioning counter balances installing longer nails. It would be most appropriate in stiffer soils or rock, especially rock with adverse interbedded planes.

Return to Index | PDF file View complete paper. (303Kb)


"The Actively Stressed Soil Nail System Complete with Corrosion Protection". Authors : A.D. Barley, D Mothersille

The difference of performance of steep or vertical faces retained by prestressed anchors and passive nails is generally identified by the difference in stiffness and strength of the wall facing and the amount of face movement encountered. In steep or vertical faces restrained by 'passive nails' prestress is frequently applied to the nail at the head solely as a comfort factor. This will result in the debonding of the nail into the upper active zone and the transfer of initial load into the active zone but not into the passive zone.

A new Actively Stressed Soil Nail which controls the load distribution in the nail has been developed and is particularly suited to usage in steep nailed faces and where long nails are installed.

Return to Index | PDF file View complete paper. (297Kb)



TONY BARLEY | CLIENTS | CV | TECHNICAL PAPERS | CONTACT